Protestantism Christianity Britannica. Protestantism, movement that began in northern Europe in the early 1. Roman Catholic doctrines and practices. Along with Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy, Protestantism became one of three major forces in Christianity. After a series of European religious wars in the 1. Wherever Protestantism gained a foothold, it influenced the social, economic, political, and cultural life of the area.

AOL Radio is powered by humans! Great radio is all about unexpected connections--the kind that an algorithm can't predict. Pick any station in any of the 30 genres. Bartleby.com publishes thousands of free online classics of reference, literature and nonfiction.

Origins of Protestantism. The name Protestant first appeared at the Diet of Speyer in 1. Roman Catholic emperor of Germany, Charles V, rescinded the provision of the Diet of Speyer in 1. Edict of Worms. On April 1. Germany and six Lutheran princes who declared that the majority decision did not bind them because they were not a party to it and that if forced to choose between obedience to God and obedience to Caesar they must choose obedience to God. They appealed either to a general council of all Christendom or to a synod of the whole German nation.

Those who made this protest became known to their opponents as Protestants, and gradually the label was applied to all who adhered to the tenets of the Reformation, especially to those living outside Germany. In Germany the adherents of the Reformation preferred the name evangelicals and in France Huguenots. The name was attached not only to the disciples of Martin Luther (c. Swiss disciples of Huldrych Zwingli (1. John Calvin (1. 50. The Swiss reformers and their followers in Holland, England, and Scotland, especially after the 1.

Reformed. In the 1. Protestant referred primarily to the two great schools of thought that arose in the Reformation, the Lutheran and the Reformed. In England in the early 1.

Protestants as opposed to those who were regarded by Anglicans as unorthodox, such as the Baptists or the Quakers. Roman Catholics, however, used it for all who claimed to be Christian but opposed Catholicism (except the Eastern churches). They therefore included Baptists, Quakers, and Catholic- minded Anglicans under the term. Before the year 1. Unitarians. The English Toleration Act of 1. Act for exempting their Majesties’ Protestant subjects dissenting from the Church of England.” But the act provided only for the toleration of the opinions known in England as “orthodox dissent” and conceded nothing to Unitarians.

Hundreds of fun educational games and activities for kids to play online. Topics include math, geography, animals, and more. We must discover the power of love, the power, the redemptive power of love. And when we discover that we will be able to make of this old world a new world.

Throughout the 1. Protestant was still defined in relation to the 1. Reformation. W. Owen Chadwick. The context of the late medieval church. The Protestant Reformation occurred against the background of the rich ferment of the late medieval church and society.

It has been difficult for two reasons to gain a proper understanding of the relationship between the late Middle Ages and the Reformation. One reason is the tradition of the sectarian historiography of the period. Catholic historians had an interest in showing how much reform occurred before and apart from the activities of the Protestant reformers of the 1.

Protestant historians, on the other hand, portrayed the late medieval church in the most negative terms to show the necessity of the Reformation, which was characterized as a movement that broke completely with a corrupt past. Watch American Ninja 3: Blood Hunt Online. The second reason for difficulty in understanding the period is that the 1. Pre- Reformers”; they neither anticipated Protestantism nor acquired their importance from the Reformation.

The events of that period were also not “Pre- Reformation” happenings but had an identity and meaning of their own. Test Your Knowledge. Hinduism. The existence of reform efforts in the 1. Spain and Italy northward through Germany, France, and England has long been acknowledged. Some of these were directed against abuses by the papacy, the clergy, and monks and nuns. The pious, for example, abhorred Pope Innocent VIII (1. Vatican, and Pope Alexander VI (1.

St. Peter and had fathered eight children by three women by the time he became pope. The public was also increasingly aware of and angered by extravagant papal projects—patronage of art and architecture, wars of conquest—for which funds were exacted from the faithful.

The distaste for the papacy increased at a time of rising nationalist spirit. The popes, who had long intervened in European political affairs, faced setbacks when European monarchs acquired new power and asserted it against both the papacy and the local clergy.

During this time of rising national consciousness, a generation of theologians appeared who remained entirely within the context of medieval Roman Catholicism but who engaged in fundamental criticisms of it. Thus William of Ockham (died 1. Franciscan order, which he hoped to return to its original strict rule of apostolic poverty. Ockham argued that Pope John XXII was a heretic because he denied that Jesus and the Apostles were possessionless.

Ockham saw the papacy and empire as independent but related realms. He believed that when the church was in danger of heresy, lay people—princes and commoners alike—must come to its rescue. This meant reform. Another English theologian, John Wycliffe, also challenged the church’s abuse of power and questioned its doctrines. Wycliffe encouraged reform of the church and its teachings and granted uncommon spiritual authority to the king. His primary source of inspiration for reform was the Bible. Wycliffe gave impetus to its translation, and in 1.

In Bohemia, Jan Hus, who became rector of the University of Prague, used that school as his base to criticize lax clergy and the recent prohibition of offering the cup of wine to communicants. He also exploited nationalist feelings and argued that the pope had no right to use the temporal sword. Hus’s bold accusations were judged heretical and led to his death by burning at the Council of Constance in 1. Britannica Lists & Quizzes. Alongside a piety that combined moral revulsion with nationalism, Christian humanism was a further sign of unrest in the late medieval church.

In Italy Lorenzo Valla (1. Donation of Constantine, which purportedly granted control over the Western Roman Empire to the pope. In Germany Johannes Reuchlin (1. Greek and Hebrew, the biblical languages, and was involved in an international controversy that pitted intellectual freedom against ecclesiastical authority.

Desiderius Erasmus (1. Northern or Christian humanists, used his vast learning and his satiric pen to question the practices of the church.